![]() In other materials, stresses are present which can be attributed to the rate of change of the deformation over time. Stresses which can be attributed to the deformation of a material from some rest state are called elastic stresses. For instance, if the material were a simple spring, the answer would be given by Hooke's law, which says that the force experienced by a spring is proportional to the distance displaced from equilibrium. In materials science and engineering, one is often interested in understanding the forces or stresses involved in the deformation of a material. In a general parallel flow, the shear stress is proportional to the gradient of the velocity. A fluid that has zero viscosity is called ideal or inviscid. Zero viscosity (no resistance to shear stress) is observed only at very low temperatures in superfluids otherwise, the second law of thermodynamics requires all fluids to have positive viscosity. For example, the viscosity of a Newtonian fluid does not vary significantly with the rate of deformation. However, the dependence on some of these properties is negligible in certain cases. In general, viscosity depends on a fluid's state, such as its temperature, pressure, and rate of deformation. For a tube with a constant rate of flow, the strength of the compensating force is proportional to the fluid's viscosity. This is because a force is required to overcome the friction between the layers of the fluid which are in relative motion. Experiments show that some stress (such as a pressure difference between the two ends of the tube) is needed to sustain the flow. For instance, when a viscous fluid is forced through a tube, it flows more quickly near the tube's axis than near its walls. Viscosity quantifies the internal frictional force between adjacent layers of fluid that are in relative motion. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of "thickness": for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. Learning more about your specific application can help deliver extra value and performance, while avoiding unnecessary expenses.The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate. We'd recommend looking also at oils by category (such as Spindle, Way, Gear, and Hydraulic oils) and consider between synthetic and conventional oils. ![]() Translating the viscosity is a good first step and can be sufficient for most general-purpose applications. This is a good approximation for most oils, but will lead to a small error when converting between ISO/AGMA and SAE for high Viscosity Index oils. The chart assumes the oil has a Viscosity Index of 95. Oil gets thinner according to its Viscosity Index, and the chart is calculated with a specific Viscosity Index (VI 95 default) ISO VG measures oil at 40✬ and a given range to +/-10% of their stated value, so ISO VG 100 oil will have a viscosity between 90 and 100 cSt at 40✬.ĪGMA has redefined its grades to align with ISO standards, so they line up exactly. Oils grades that are on the same horizontal line (with the correct Viscosity Index) on the chart are equivalent. Several organizations (ISO, SAE, AGMA) have created competing standards to define oil viscosity ranges, but most of them mean the same thing.
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